Individual criminal responsibility, international crimes, the International Criminal Court, and international criminal tribunals.

Sources of international law, State responsibility, jurisdiction, treaty law, and the law governing relations between States.

The legal framework governing armed conflicts, protection of civilians, and the conduct of hostilities.

International and regional systems for the protection of human rights, accountability mechanisms, and emerging challenges.

Maritime zones, navigation, oceans governance, and international dispute settlement.

The law governing international organizations, institutional design, and global governance.

Examining the international legal framework for the protection of refugees, asylum seekers, and displaced persons, with a focus on human rights, State obligations, and durable solutions.

Exploring the legal principles governing environmental protection, climate change, sustainable development, and the responsibility of States in addressing global environmental challenges.

Exploring the legal challenges posed by artificial intelligence and cyberspace, including international security, State responsibility, human rights, and the evolving regulation of emerging technologies.